Ƙungiyar Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) ta ayyana kanta a matsayin wakiliyar al-Qa’ida a hukumance a Mali.  A 2017, reshen al-Qa’ida na yankin Sahara a ɓangaren ƙasashen Musulmi na Maghreb,  da al-Murabitoun da Macina Liberation Front, su ne suka haɗe kuma suka kafa JNIM. Ƙungiyar da ke aikinta a Mali, da Nijar, da Burkina Faso, JNIM na da alhakin kai hare-hare da dama da kuma garkuwa da mutane. A Yunin 2017, JNIM ta kai hari kan wani wurin shaƙatawa da Turawa ke yawan zuwa a wajen birnin Bamako kuma ita ce ta kai manyan hare-hare a Ouagadougou ranar 2 ga watan Maris na 2018. A watan Satumba, JNIM ta dasa wani abin fashewa ƙarƙashin motar bas ta fasinja a tsakiyar Mali, inda aka kashe fararen hula 14 da kuma raunata wasu 24. 

A ranar 6 ga Satumban 2018, Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ayyana JNIM a matsayin Ƙungiyar Ta’addanci ta Ƙasar Waje ƙarƙashin sashe na 219 na Dokar Ƙaura da Zama Ɗan Ƙasa, wadda aka yi wa kwaskwarima. Kafin haka, a ranar 5 ga watan Satumban 2018 Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ayyana JNIM matsayin Ƙungiyar Ta’addanci ta Duniya bisa Umarnin Shugaban Ƙasa na Executive Order 13224, wadda aka yi wa kwaskwarima. Sakamakon haka, an hana JNIM taɓa dukkan dukiyar da ta mallaka ko kadarori da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Amurka, sannan an haramta wa Amurkawa yin duk wata hulɗar kasuwanci da JNIM. Laifi ne mutum ya samar ko ya yi yunƙurin samarwa ko ya taimaka a samar wa JNIM kayan aiki.